Memo Formatting
Inside the LaunchPad for Technical Communication Missing something? Instructors may assign the online materials that accompany this text. For access to them, visit launchpadworks.com. LaunchPad materials are identified throughout the text with the icon.

CASES Document-based cases are presented online, where you can familiarize yourself with each scenario, download and work with related documents, and access assignment questions in a single space.

CASE 1: Using the Measures of Excellence in Evaluating a Résumé CASE 2: The Ethics of Requiring Students To Subsidize a Plagiarism-Detection Service CASE 3: Understanding Why Revision Software Cannot Revise and Edit Your Document CASE 4: Accommodating a Team Member’s Scheduling Problems CASE 5: Focusing on an Audience’s Needs and Interests CASE 6: Revising a Questionnaire CASE 7: Organizing a Document for Clarity — and Diplomacy CASE 8: Analyzing the Persuasiveness of a Poster CASE 9: Emphasizing Important Information in a Technical Description CASE 10: Revising a Document for Nonnative Speakers and for Translation CASE 11: Designing a Flyer CASE 12: Creating Appropriate Graphics To Accompany a Report CASE 13: Evaluating a Technical Document CASE 14: Setting Up and Maintaining a Professional Microblog Account CASE 15: Identifying the Best-of-the-Best Job-Search Sites CASE 16: Writing an Introduction for a Proposal CASE 17: Writing a Directive CASE 18: Analyzing Decision Matrices CASE 19: Introducing the Scientific Method Through a Lab Report CASE 20: Choosing a Medium for Presenting Instructions CASE 21: Understanding the Claim-and-Support Structure for Presentation Graphics

LEARNINGCURVE Master the material covered in the first ten chapters of the text as well as key grammar skills with LearningCurve, a fun adaptive quizzing program that meets you where you are and gives you the extra support you need when you need it.

Understanding the Technical Communication Environment (Covering Chapters 1–4) Planning the Document (Covering Chapters 5–7) Persuasion, Emphasis, and Effective Sentences (Covering Chapters 8–10) Additional LearningCurve activities on grammar, style, persuasion, and concerns of multilingual writers

DOWNLOADABLE FORMS Download and work with a variety of helpful forms discussed throughout the text.

Work-Schedule Form (Chapter 4) Team-Member Evaluation Form (Chapter 4) Self-Evaluation Form (Chapter 4) Audience Profile Sheet (Chapter 5) Oral Presentation Evaluation Form (Chapter 21)

MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES Explore real multimedia documents that harness digital technologies in exciting new ways, and respond to

http://launchpadworks.com/
prompts that will help you analyze them.

Mechanism Description Using Interactive Graphics: Hybridcenter.org and Union of Concerned Scientists, Hybrids Under the Hood (Part 2) (Chapter 12)

Online Portfolio: Blane C. Holden’s Online Portfolio (Chapter 15) Proposal Delivered as a Prezi Presentation: Andrew Washuta, Marketing Proposal Presentation (Chapter 16) Report Presented as a Website: United States Geological Survey, High Plains Water-Level Monitoring Study

(Chapter 17) Informational Report Presented Through an Interactive Graphic: Matthew C. Hansen et al., University of

Maryland, Google, USGS, and NASA, “Global Forest Change” Interactive Map (Chapter 17) Recommendations Presented in a Video: One & Only Campaign, Check Your Steps! Make Every Injection Safe

(Chapter 18) Process Description Using Video Animation: North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), Diverging

Diamond Interchange Visualization (Chapter 20) Instructions Using Video Demonstration: PartSelect, Dryer Repair — Replacing the High Limit Thermostat

(Chapter 20) Instructions Using a Combination of Video Demonstration and Screen Capture: Texas Tech University Multiple

Literacy Lab (MuLL), Recording Audio in the Field Using an iTalk (Chapter 20) Definition Using Video Animation: ABC News, What Is the Cloud? (Chapter 20)

SUPPLEMENTAL E-BOOKS Document-Based Cases for Technical Communication, Second Edition, by Roger Munger, features seven realistic scenarios in which you can practice workplace writing skills.

Team Writing, by Joanna Wolfe, focuses on the role of written communication in teamwork. Built around five short videos of real team interactions, Team Writing teaches you how to use written documentation to manage a team and provides models for working on large collaborative documents.

TEST BANK Test your knowledge with multiple-choice, true/false, and short-answer questions for every chapter in the textbook.

TUTORIALS Engaging tutorials show you helpful tools and tips for creating your projects along with guidance on how to best use the tools, as well as the documentation process for citing the sources you use in MLA and APA style.

DIGITAL WRITING TUTORIALS

Cross-Platform Word Processing with CloudOn, Quip, and More (Chapter 3) Tracking Sources with Evernote and Zotero (Chapter 6) Photo Editing Basics with GIMP (Chapter 12) Building Your Professional Brand with LinkedIn, Twitter, and More (Chapter 15) Creating Presentations with PowerPoint and Prezi (Chapter 21) Audio Recording and Editing with Audacity (Chapter 21)

DIGITAL TIPS TUTORIALS

Creating Outlines (Chapter 3) Creating Styles and Templates (Chapter 3) Scheduling Meetings Online (Chapter 4) Reviewing Collaborative Documents (Chapter 4) Incorporating Tracked Changes (Chapter 4) Conducting Online Meetings (Chapter 4) Using Wikis for Collaborative Work (Chapter 4) Using Collaborative Software (Chapter 4) Proofreading for Format Consistency (Chapter 11)

DOCUMENTATION TUTORIALS

How To Cite a Database in APA Style (Appendix B: Documenting Sources) How To Cite a Website in APA Style (Appendix B: Documenting Sources)

How To Cite a Book in MLA Style (Appendix B: Documenting Sources) How To Cite an Article in MLA Style (Appendix B: Documenting Sources) How To Cite a Website in MLA Style (Appendix B: Documenting Sources) How To Cite a Database in MLA Style (Appendix B: Documenting Sources)

Technical COMMUNICATION

TWELFTH EDITION

Mike Markel Boise State University

Stuart A. Selber Penn State University

For Bedford/St. Martin’s Vice President, Editorial, Macmillan Learning Humanities: Edwin Hill Senior Program Director for English: Leasa Burton Program Manager: Molly Parke Marketing Manager: Sophia Latorre-Zengierski Director of Content Development: Jane Knetzger Senior Developmental Editor: Carrie Thompson Developmental Editor: Michelle McSweeney Associate Editor: Cara Kaufman Senior Workflow Manager: Jennifer Wetzel Production Supervisor: Brianna Lester Media Project Manager: Melissa Skepko-Masi Manager of Publishing Services: Andrea Cava Project Management: Lifland et al., Bookmakers Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc. Photo Researcher: Krystyna Borgen Permissions Editor: Elaine Kosta Senior Art Director: Anna Palchik Text Design: Maureen McCutcheon Design Cover Design: William Boardman Cover and Title Page Image: Andy Roberts/Getty Images

Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2012, 2010 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as may be expressly permitted by the applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the Publisher.

2 1 0 9 8 7 f e d c b a

For information, write: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 75 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116

ISBN-13: 978-1-319-10788-8 (EPUB)

Acknowledgments Text acknowledgments and copyrights appear at the back of the book on page 706, which constitutes an extension of the copyright page. Art acknowledgments and copyrights appear on the same page as the art selections they cover. In-text excerpt, p. 94: Mike Markley. Excerpt from LinkedIn profile summary. Used with permission. Figure 5.5, p. 102: Advancing Kyocera Philosophy Education. © 2016 by KYOCERA Corporation. Used by

permission of Kyocera Corporation. Figure 5.8, p. 109: Solomon et al., Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I

Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, p. ix (Table of contents). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Used with permission.

Figure 5.9, pp. 111–12: From “Introducing Project Loon,” Googleblog, June 14, 2013. Reprinted by permission of Alphabet.

Figure 5.10, p. 113: From Brian Handwerk, “Google’s Loon Project Puts Balloon Technology in Spotlight,” National Geographic Daily News, June 18, 2013. Reprinted by permission of National Geographic.

Figure 6.1, p. 124: Abstract from Maureen O’Dougherty, “Plot and Irony in Childbirth Narratives of Middle- Class Brazilian Women,” Medical Anthropology Quarterly, Volume 27, Issue 1, pages 43–62, March 2013. © 2013 by the American Anthropological Association. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Document Analysis Activity, p. 132: Excerpt from “About High Fructose Corn Syrup,” http://corn.org/products/sweeteners/high-fructose-corn-syrup/. Copyright © 2016 by The Corn Refiners Association. Used with permission.

Figure 8.5, p. 182: Threat Research, McAfee, “Revealed: Operation Shady RAT” white paper. Copyright © 2011 McAfee, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

Document Analysis Activity, p. 185: From Emily Bennington, “Social Media Strategy: Is It Time to Hire a

http://corn.org/products/sweeteners/high-fructose-corn-syrup/
Social Media Officer?” from Monster.com. Reprinted by permission. Copyright 2014 – Monster Worldwide, Inc. All Rights Reserved. You may not copy, reproduce or distribute this article without the prior written permission of Monster Worldwide. This article first appeared on Monster, the leading online global network for careers. To see other career-related articles visit http://career-advice.monster.com.

Guidelines, p. 283: Principles of Accessible Design for Websites, adapted from WebAIM: http://webaim.org/intro/. Used with permission.

Exercise 3, p. 289: Excerpt from Micron CSN33: Customer Service Note from Micron User Guide Introduction. © 2011 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Figure 13.6, p. 345: Appendix B: Heuristic Evaluation Evaluator’s Form, p. 20 from Oracle’s “User Experience Direct, FAQ: How to Conduct Heuristic Evaluation,” http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/ux/applications/uxd/assets/faq/how-to-conduct-heuristic-evaluation.pdf. Used with permission.

Figure 13.10, p. 351: WAI Site Usability Testing Questions. Copyright © 1994–2003 World Wide Web Consortium (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. http://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/Drafts/UCD/questions.html

Figure 13.15, p. 357: From “Usability Testing: Election Systems and Software ExpressVote Universal Voting System.” University of Baltimore for the Maryland State Board of Elections. http://www.elections.state.md.us/voting_system/procurement.html.

Case 13, p. 359: The Complete How To Guide to Xeriscaping, from http://www.ose.state.nm.us/Pub/Brochures/htx_lo_res.pdf. Used with permission.

Document Analysis Activity, p. 435: Andrew Washuta, “Marketing Proposal Presentation,” May 21, 2013. Copyright © 2013 by Andrew Washuta. Used with permission.

Figure 17.5, p. 465: Employee’s Accident Report Form from University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill. Used with permission.

Figure 19.2, p. 528: Excerpt from IEEE, “Information for IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters Author,” p. 4. Used with permission.

In-text excerpt, pp. 542–43: From High-Tech Vehicle Safety Systems. Used with permission from Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals.

Figure 20.5, p. 553: “How Solar Works” from Vanguard Energy Partners. Used with permission. Figure 20.6, p. 554: “Hybrids Under the Hood (Part 2): Drivetrains” from Union of Concerned Scientists.

www.ucsusa.org. Reprinted by Permission. Figure 20.13, p. 570: “Prepare to Install the Range” from General Electric, Installation Instructions: Free-

Standing Electric Ranges (Manual 229C4053P545-1 31-10556-1 04-03 JR). Used with permission. Figure 20.16, p. 572: Excerpts from a thread in a customer-support forum from

http://forum.support.xerox.com/t5/Printing/TIFF-files/td-p/21986. Used with permission.

http://career-advice.monster.com/
http://webaim.org/intro/
http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/ux/applications/uxd/assets/faq/how-to-conduct-heuristic-evaluation.pdf
http://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/Drafts/UCD/questions.html
http://www.elections.state.md.us/voting_system/procurement.html
http://www.ose.state.nm.us/Pub/Brochures/htx_lo_res.pdf
http://www.ucsusa.org/
http://forum.support.xerox.com/t5/Printing/TIFF-files/td-p/21986
Contents Cover Front Cover Inside the LaunchPad for Technical Communication Title Page Copyright Preface for Instructors Introduction for Writers

Part 1 Understanding the Technical Communication Environment

1 Introduction to Technical Communication What Is Technical Communication?

UNDERSTANDING PURPOSE UNDERSTANDING AUDIENCE

Why Technical Communication Skills Are Important in Your Career The Challenges of Producing Technical Communication

AUDIENCE-RELATED FACTORS PURPOSE-RELATED FACTORS SETTING-RELATED FACTORS DOCUMENT-RELATED FACTORS PROCESS-RELATED FACTORS

Characteristics of a Technical Document ? GUIDELINES: Measures of Excellence in Technical Documents ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Analyzing a Technical Document

Skills and Qualities Shared by Successful Workplace Communicators ? GUIDELINES: Communicating Professionally

EXERCISES CASE 1: USING THE MEASURES OF EXCELLENCE IN EVALUATING A RÉSUMÉ

2 Understanding Ethical and Legal Considerations A Brief Introduction to Ethics Your Ethical Obligations

OBLIGATIONS TO YOUR EMPLOYER OBLIGATIONS TO THE PUBLIC OBLIGATIONS TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Your Legal Obligations COPYRIGHT LAW

? GUIDELINES: Determining Fair Use ? GUIDELINES: Dealing with Copyright Questions ? ETHICS NOTE: Distinguishing Plagiarism from Acceptable Reuse of Information

TRADEMARK LAW ? GUIDELINES: Protecting Trademarks

CONTRACT LAW LIABILITY LAW

? GUIDELINES: Abiding by Liability Laws The Role of Corporate Culture in Ethical and Legal Conduct Understanding Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Social Media

? GUIDELINES: Using Social Media Ethically and Legally

? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Presenting Guidelines for Using Social Media Communicating Ethically Across Cultures

COMMUNICATING WITH CULTURES WITH DIFFERENT ETHICAL BELIEFS COMMUNICATING IN COUNTRIES WITH DIFFERENT LAWS

Principles for Ethical Communication ABIDE BY RELEVANT LAWS COMPLY WITH ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS ABIDE BY THE APPROPRIATE PROFESSIONAL CODE OF CONDUCT ABIDE BY YOUR ORGANIZATION’S POLICY ON SOCIAL MEDIA TAKE ADVANTAGE OF YOUR EMPLOYER’S ETHICS RESOURCES TELL THE TRUTH DON’T MISLEAD YOUR READERS USE DESIGN TO HIGHLIGHT IMPORTANT ETHICAL AND LEGAL INFORMATION BE CLEAR AVOID DISCRIMINATORY LANGUAGE ACKNOWLEDGE ASSISTANCE FROM OTHERS WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 2: The Ethics of Requiring Students To Subsidize a Plagiarism-Detection Service

3 Writing Technical Documents Planning

CONSIDERING YOUR WRITING SITUATION TUTORIAL: Cross-Platform Word Processing with CloudOn, Quip, and More GENERATING IDEAS ABOUT YOUR SUBJECT RESEARCHING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DEVISING A SCHEDULE AND A BUDGET

Drafting ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING YOUR DOCUMENT TUTORIAL: Creating Outlines USING TEMPLATES

? GUIDELINES: Drafting Effectively ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Modify Templates ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Identifying the Strengths and Weaknesses of a Commercial Template

USING STYLES ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Use the Styles Group

TUTORIAL: Creating Styles and Templates Revising

STUDYING THE DRAFT BY YOURSELF ? GUIDELINES: Revising the Draft

SEEKING HELP FROM OTHERS ? ETHICS NOTE: Acknowledging Reviewers Responsibly

Editing ? GUIDELINES: Editing the Draft

Proofreading WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 3: Understanding Why Revision Software Cannot Revise and Edit Your Document

4 Writing Collaboratively Advantages and Disadvantages of Collaboration

ADVANTAGES OF COLLABORATION DISADVANTAGES OF COLLABORATION

Managing Projects ? GUIDELINES: Managing Your Project

Conducting Meetings TUTORIAL: Scheduling Meetings Online LISTENING EFFECTIVELY

? GUIDELINES: Listening Effectively SETTING YOUR TEAM’S AGENDA

? GUIDELINES: Setting Your Team’s Agenda DOWNLOADABLE FORM: Work-Schedule Form DOWNLOADABLE FORM: Team-Member Evaluation Form DOWNLOADABLE FORM: Self-Evaluation Form

? ETHICS NOTE: Pulling Your Weight on Collaborative Projects CONDUCTING EFFICIENT MEETINGS COMMUNICATING DIPLOMATICALLY CRITIQUING A TEAM MEMBER’S WORK

? GUIDELINES: Communicating Diplomatically ? GUIDELINES: Critiquing a Colleague’s Work ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Critiquing a Draft Clearly and Diplomatically ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Use Reviewing Tools

Using Social Media and Other Electronic Tools in Collaboration WORD-PROCESSING TOOLS TUTORIAL: Reviewing Collaborative Documents TUTORIAL: Incorporating Tracked Changes MESSAGING TECHNOLOGIES VIDEOCONFERENCING TUTORIAL: Conducting Online Meetings

? GUIDELINES: Participating in a Videoconference WIKIS AND SHARED DOCUMENT WORKSPACES TUTORIAL: Using Wikis for Collaborative Work TUTORIAL: Using Collaborative Software VIRTUAL WORLDS

? ETHICS NOTE: Maintaining a Professional Presence Online Gender and Collaboration Culture and Collaboration

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES LEARNINGCURVE: Understanding the Technical Communication Environment (Chs. 1–4) CASE 4: Accommodating a Team Member’s Scheduling Problems

Part 2 Planning the Document

5 Analyzing Your Audience and Purpose Understanding Audience and Purpose Using an Audience Profile Sheet

DOWNLOADABLE FORM: Audience Profile Sheet Determining the Important Characteristics of Your Audience

WHO ARE YOUR READERS? WHY IS YOUR AUDIENCE READING YOUR DOCUMENT? WHAT ARE YOUR READERS’ ATTITUDES AND EXPECTATIONS? HOW WILL YOUR READERS USE YOUR DOCUMENT?

Techniques for Learning About Your Audience DETERMINING WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW ABOUT YOUR AUDIENCE INTERVIEWING PEOPLE READING ABOUT YOUR AUDIENCE ONLINE SEARCHING SOCIAL MEDIA FOR DOCUMENTS YOUR AUDIENCE HAS WRITTEN ANALYZING SOCIAL-MEDIA DATA

Communicating Across Cultures UNDERSTANDING THE CULTURAL VARIABLES “ON THE SURFACE” UNDERSTANDING THE CULTURAL VARIABLES “BENEATH THE SURFACE” CONSIDERING CULTURAL VARIABLES AS YOU WRITE

? GUIDELINES: Writing for Readers from Other Cultures ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Examining Cultural Variables in a Business Letter

USING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN FOR MULTICULTURAL READERS Applying What You Have Learned About Your Audience

? ETHICS NOTE: Meeting Your Readers’ Needs Responsibly

Writing for Multiple Audiences Determining Your Purpose Gaining Management’s Approval Revising Information for a New Audience and Purpose

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 5: Focusing on an Audience’s Needs and Interests

6 Researching Your Subject Understanding the Research Process

? GUIDELINES: Planning for the Research Process

? GUIDELINES: Researching a Topic

Choosing Appropriate Research Methods Conducting Secondary Research

UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH TOOLS TYPES OF SECONDARY Research SOURCES USING SOCIAL MEDIA AND OTHER INTERACTIVE RESOURCES TUTORIAL: Tracking Sources with Evernote and Zotero

? TECH TIP: Why and How To Use Social Media in Research EVALUATING THE INFORMATION

? GUIDELINES: Evaluating Print and Online Sources Conducting Primary Research

ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL-MEDIA DATA ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Evaluating Information from Internet Sources

OBSERVATIONS AND DEMONSTRATIONS INSPECTIONS EXPERIMENTS FIELD RESEARCH INTERVIEWS

? GUIDELINES: Conducting an Interview INQUIRIES QUESTIONNAIRES

? ETHICS NOTE: Reporting and Analyzing Data Honestly WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 6: Revising a Questionnaire

7 Organizing Your Information Understanding Three Principles for Organizing Technical Information

ANALYZING YOUR AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE USING CONVENTIONAL PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION DISPLAYING YOUR ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN PROMINENTLY

Understanding Conventional Organizational Patterns CHRONOLOGICAL

? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information Chronologically SPATIAL

? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information Spatially GENERAL TO SPECIFIC

? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information from General to Specific MORE IMPORTANT TO LESS IMPORTANT

? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information from More Important to Less Important COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information by Comparison and Contrast ? ETHICS NOTE: Comparing and Contrasting Fairly

CLASSIFICATION OR PARTITION ? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information by Classification or Partition

PROBLEM-METHODS-SOLUTION ? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information by Problem-Methods-Solution

CAUSE AND EFFECT ? GUIDELINES: Organizing Information by Cause and Effect ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Using Multiple Organizational Patterns in an Infographic

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES LEARNINGCURVE: Planning the Document (Chs. 5–7) CASE 7: Organizing a Document for Clarity — and Diplomacy

Part 3 Developing and Testing the Verbal and Visual Information

8 Communicating Persuasively Considering the Context of Your Argument

UNDERSTANDING YOUR AUDIENCE’S BROADER GOALS WORKING WITHIN CONSTRAINTS

Crafting a Persuasive Argument IDENTIFYING THE ELEMENTS OF YOUR ARGUMENT CONSIDERING OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS USING THE RIGHT KINDS OF EVIDENCE USING VISUALS AS PERSUASIVE ELEMENTS

? ETHICS NOTE: Using Digital Enhancement Tools Responsibly APPEALING TO EMOTIONS RESPONSIBLY DECIDING WHERE TO PRESENT THE CLAIM

? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Analyzing Evidence in an Argument UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN PERSUASION

Avoiding Logical Fallacies Presenting Yourself Effectively

? GUIDELINES: Creating a Professional Persona ? ETHICS NOTE: Seeming Honest Versus Being Honest in Persuasive Writing

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 8: Analyzing the Persuasiveness of a Poster

9 Emphasizing Important Information Writing Clear, Informative Titles Writing Clear, Informative Headings

? GUIDELINES: Revising Headings Writing Clear, Informative Lists

WRITE EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPH LISTS WRITE EFFECTIVE SENTENCE LISTS

? GUIDELINES: Creating Effective Lists Writing Clear, Informative Paragraphs

STRUCTURE PARAGRAPHS CLEARLY ? ETHICS NOTE: Avoiding Burying Bad News in Paragraphs ? GUIDELINES: Dividing Long Paragraphs

USE COHERENCE DEVICES WITHIN AND BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Identifying the Elements of a Coherent Paragraph

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 9: Emphasizing Important Information in a Technical Description

10 Writing Correct and Effective Sentences Writing Grammatically Correct Sentences

AVOID SENTENCE FRAGMENTS AVOID COMMA SPLICES AVOID RUN-ON SENTENCES AVOID AMBIGUOUS PRONOUN REFERENCES COMPARE ITEMS CLEARLY USE ADJECTIVES CLEARLY MAINTAIN SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT MAINTAIN PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT USE TENSES CORRECTLY

Structuring Effective Sentences EMPHASIZE NEW AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION CHOOSE AN APPROPRIATE SENTENCE LENGTH FOCUS ON THE “REAL” SUBJECT FOCUS ON THE “REAL” VERB USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE USE MODIFIERS EFFECTIVELY

Choosing the Right Words and Phrases SELECT AN APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF FORMALITY BE CLEAR

? ETHICS NOTE: Euphemisms and Truth Telling BE CONCISE

? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Revising for Conciseness and Simplicity USE INOFFENSIVE LANGUAGE

? GUIDELINES: Avoiding Sexist Language ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Customize Grammar-Checker Features ? GUIDELINES: Using the People-First Approach

Understanding Simplified English for Nonnative Speakers Preparing Text for Translation

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES LEARNINGCURVE: Persuasion, Emphasis, and Effective Sentences (Chs. 8–10) CASE 10: Revising a Document for Nonnative Speakers and for Translation

11 Designing Print and Online Documents Goals of Document Design Understanding Design Principles

TUTORIAL: Proofreading for Format Consistency Planning Your Design

ANALYZE YOUR AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE DETERMINE YOUR RESOURCES

Designing Print Documents SIZE PAPER BINDINGS NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

? TECH TIP: Why and How To Set Up Pages Designing Print Pages

PAGE LAYOUT ? GUIDELINES: Understanding Learning Theory and Page Design ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Format Columns

TYPOGRAPHY ? ETHICS NOTE: Using Type Sizes Responsibly

TITLES AND HEADINGS OTHER DESIGN FEATURES

? TECH TIP: Why and How To Create Borders and Screens ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Create Text Boxes

Designing Online Documents USE DESIGN TO EMPHASIZE IMPORTANT INFORMATION

? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Analyzing Page Designs CREATE INFORMATIVE HEADERS AND FOOTERS HELP READERS NAVIGATE THE DOCUMENT

? GUIDELINES: Making Your Document Easy To Navigate INCLUDE EXTRA FEATURES YOUR READERS MIGHT NEED HELP READERS CONNECT WITH OTHERS CONSIDER MATTERS OF ACCESSIBILITY

? GUIDELINES: Designing Accessible Websites DESIGN FOR MULTICULTURAL AUDIENCES

? ETHICS NOTE: Designing Legal and Honest Online Documents Designing Online Pages

AIM FOR SIMPLICITY ? GUIDELINES: Designing a Simple Site

MAKE THE TEXT EASY TO READ AND UNDERSTAND ? GUIDELINES: Designing Easy-To-Read Text

CREATE CLEAR, INFORMATIVE LINKS ? GUIDELINES: Writing Clear, Informative Links

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 11: Designing a Flyer

12 Creating Graphics The Functions of Graphics The Characteristics of an Effective Graphic

? ETHICS NOTE: Creating Honest Graphics ? GUIDELINES: Integrating Graphics and Text

Understanding the Process of Creating Graphics

PLANNING GRAPHICS PRODUCING GRAPHICS

? TECH TIP: Why and How To Insert and Modify Graphics REVISING GRAPHICS CITING SOURCES OF GRAPHICS

Using Color Effectively Choosing the Appropriate Kind of Graphic

ILLUSTRATING NUMERICAL INFORMATION ? GUIDELINES: Creating Effective Tables ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Create Tables, Charts, and Other Graphics ? GUIDELINES: Creating Effective Bar Graphs ? GUIDELINES: Creating Effective Infographics ? GUIDELINES: Creating Effective Line Graphs ? GUIDELINES: Creating Effective Pie Charts

ILLUSTRATING LOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Analyzing a Graphic ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Mechanism Description Using Interactive Graphics

ILLUSTRATING PROCESS DESCRIPTIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS ILLUSTRATING VISUAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS TUTORIAL: Photo Editing Basics with GIMP

? GUIDELINES: Presenting Photographs Effectively ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Create and Insert Screen Shots

Creating Effective Graphics for Multicultural Readers WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 12: Creating Appropriate Graphics To Accompany a Report

13 Evaluating and Testing Technical Documents Understanding Usability Studies

ASSESSING THE NEED FOR A USABILITY STUDY DETERMINING THE GOALS OF THE STUDY STUDYING EXISTING DOCUMENTS VERSUS PROTOTYPES CONSIDERING STUDY SETTINGS

Conducting Guided Evaluations of Technical Documents CHOOSING DOCUMENT EVALUATORS ESTABLISHING EVALUATION GUIDELINES PREPARING MATERIALS FOR THE EVALUATION

Testing Documents in a Controlled Setting PREPARING FOR THE TEST CONDUCTING THE TEST

? GUIDELINES: Preparing for a Usability Test ? ETHICS NOTE: Understanding the Ethics of Informed Consent ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Obtaining Informed Consent

Testing Documents in Context PREPARING FOR A SITE VISIT CONDUCTING A TEST IN CONTEXT

Monitoring Documents Remotely Interpreting and Reporting Your Findings

WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 13: Evaluating a Technical Document

Part 4 Learning Important Applications

14 Corresponding in Print and Online Understanding the Process of Writing Correspondence

? FOCUS ON PROCESS: Correspondence Selecting a Type of Correspondence Presenting Yourself Effectively in Correspondence

USE THE APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF FORMALITY COMMUNICATE CORRECTLY PROJECT THE “YOU ATTITUDE” AVOID CORRESPONDENCE CLICHéS COMMUNICATE HONESTLY

? ETHICS NOTE: Writing Honest Business Correspondence Writing Letters

ELEMENTS OF A LETTER COMMON TYPES OF LETTERS

Writing Memos ? GUIDELINES: Organizing a Memo

Writing Emails ? TECH TIP: Why and How To Use Email for Business Correspondence ? GUIDELINES: Following Netiquette ? DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY: Following Netiquette in an Email Message

Writing Microblogs ? GUIDELINES: Representing Your Organization on a Microblog

Writing Correspondence to Multicultural Readers WRITER’S CHECKLIST EXERCISES CASE 14: Setting Up and Maintaining a Professional Microblog Account

15 Applying for a Job Understanding …

Read more
Applied Sciences
Architecture and Design
Biology
Business & Finance
Chemistry
Computer Science
Geography
Geology
Education
Engineering
English
Environmental science
Spanish
Government
History
Human Resource Management
Information Systems
Law
Literature
Mathematics
Nursing
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Reading
Science
Social Science
Home
Homework Answers
Blog
Archive
Tags
Reviews
Contact
twitterfacebook
Copyright © 2021 SweetStudy.com